Ipsos IPS

PAR: IPS | ISIN: FR0000073298   24/02/2026
30,52 EUR (+0,53%)
(+0,53%)   24/02/2026

[Press Release] 2025 results in line with guidance - Launch of Horizons strategic plan

2025 results in line with guidance
Launch of Horizons strategic plan

Paris, February 24th, 2026 - Ipsos, one of the world's leading market research and opinion polling companies, today announces its full-year 2025 results. Revenue, organic growth and operating margin rate, communicated on a preliminary basis at the Investor Day on 22 January, are confirmed.

  • Revenue: €2,525 million
    • Total growth: +3.4%
    • Organic growth: +0.6%

  • Operating margin: €309 million

    • Operating margin rate: 12.3%
    • Operating margin rate at constant scope*: 12.8%

*Excluding temporarily dilutive effect related to The BVA Family and infas acquisitions

Ipsos recorded revenue of €2,524.7 million in 2025, up 3.4%, including 0.6% organic growth, a 5.8% scope effect mainly related to the acquisitions of The BVA Family and infas, and a negative 3.0% foreign exchange impact, reflecting the appreciation of the euro against certain currencies, including the US dollar.

The uncertain political context across several geographies, combined with tighter budgetary constraints for governments, weighed on Public Affairs activity and, consequently, on Ipsos’ consolidated performance. This level of growth remains below our ambitions. The strategic plan presented last month is designed to restore a sustained and durable growth trajectory.

At the same time, the operating margin proved resilient and once again demonstrates Ipsos' financial discipline. It stands at 12.8% at constant scope and 12.3% on a reported basis, including the temporarily dilutive effect of The BVA Family and infas acquisitions.

The year 2025, as well as the beginning of 2026, was marked by several structuring events:

  • The acquisitions of infas and The BVA Family, the latter being the largest acquisition completed by Ipsos since 2018. These acquisitions significantly strengthen Ipsos' position in Europe, particularly in Germany, France, Italy and the United Kingdom, as well as our expertise in packaging testing through PRS IN VIVO,

  • The appointment, last September, of Jean Laurent Poitou as Chief Executive Officer, whose mandate is to return to sustainable and profitable growth,

  • The resignation of Didier Truchot from his position as Chairman of Ipsos' Board of Directors for health reasons, effective February 28, 2026, and the appointment by the Board of Laurence Stoclet as President,

  • The presentation, in January 2026 at the Investor Day, of Horizons, the growth strategic plan to reinforce Ipsos’ global leadership.

REVENUE BY QUARTER

In € millions2025
Revenue
Total
Growth
Organic growthScopeFX
1st quarter568.52.0%-1.8%2.9%0.9%
2nd quarter586.61.0%0.7%3.3%-3.0%
3rd quarter635.97.6%2.9%8.5%-3.8%
4th quarter733.73.2%0.5%8.1%-5.4%
Total Revenue2,524.73.4%0.6%5.8%-3.0%

PERFORMANCE BY REGION

In € millions2025
Revenue
ContributionTotal
Growth
Organic
Growth
EMEA1,245.249%12.0%2.0%
Americas887.235%-3.4%0.3%
Asia-Pacific392.216%-4.3%-2.5%
Total2,524.7100%3.4%0.6%

In EMEA, our main region, total growth reached 12% in 2025, driven by the integration of The BVA Family and infas acquisitions. Against a particularly demanding comparable base (+5.5% in 2024), organic growth stood at 2.0%, supported by satisfactory performance in Continental Europe and the Middle East, but also impacted by a decline of more than 3% in France, attributable to the political and a budgetary environment which strongly affected the Public Affairs service line. Organic growth in the other service lines in France was slightly positive.

The Americas recorded organic growth of 0.3% in 2025. In the United States, the political context weighed on Public Affairs activity throughout the year, resulting in a decline of approximately 15% in this service line. Excluding this activity, the other service lines delivered organic growth of close to 2% for the year, supported by Consumer Goods clients and by an improvement in the Healthcare sector.

In Asia-Pacific, Ipsos' activities in China are stable in a contracting market. However, the region's performance was impacted by the decline in Public Affairs in several countries, notably in Australia, New Zealand and India. Foreign exchange effects were also unfavorable in the region, due to the depreciation of the yuan and won and other currencies against the euro.

PERFORMANCE BY AUDIENCE

In € millions2025
Revenue
ContributionTotal
Growth
Organic
Growth
Consumers11,244.649%2.6%2.1%
Clients and employees2516.520%5.4%2.1%
Citizens3389.015%5.9%-8.0%
Doctor and patients4374.615%1.2%2.4%
Total2,524.7100%3.4%0.6%

Distribution of Service Lines by audience segment:
1- Brand Health Tracking, Creative Excellence, Innovation, Ipsos UU, Ipsos MMA, Market Strategy & Understanding, Observer (excl. public sector), Ipsos Synthesio, Strategy3
2- Automotive & Mobility Development, Audience Measurement, Customer Experience, Channel Performance (Mystery Shopping and Shopper), ERM, Capabilities
3- Public Affairs, Corporate Reputation
4- Pharma (quantitative et qualitative)

Our service lines dedicated to consumers, clients and employees delivered organic growth of 2.1% in 2025. Growth in this segment was driven particularly by our activities related to market and brand analyses, advertising campaign measurement and research on physical and digital retail touchpoints.

Our activity with citizens declined by 8.0% organically in 2025. The persistent uncertain political environment dampened demand from public sector players, particularly in the United States and France.

The doctors and patients audience showed organic growth of 2.4%. Innovation in oncology, rare diseases as well as GLP-1 (type 2 diabetes and obesity treatment) related studies are the main growth drivers for the year.

Our platform Ipsos.Digital continued its strong growth (27% in 2025), with an operating margin level approximately twice that of the Group's other activities.

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

Summary income statement

In € millions20252024Variation
Revenue2,524.72,440.83.4%
Gross margin1,711.01,677.72.0%
Gross margin / Revenue67.8% 68.7% -0.9 pt
Operating profit309.3319.5-3.2%
Operating profit / Revenue12.3%13.1%-0.8 pt
Other non-current / recurring
income and expenses
-24.1-16.2 
Finance costs-12.5-9.1 
Other financial income and expenses-11.1-2.4 
Income tax-66.3-73.7 
Net profit
(attributable to owners of the parent)
186.6204.5-8.8%
Adjusted net profit*
(attributable to owners of the parent)
240.4244.1-1.5%

*Adjusted net profit is calculated before (i) non-monetary items related to IFRS 2 (Share-based Payment), (ii)
the amortisation of acquisition-related intangible assets (client relations), (iii) the impact of other non-current
income and expenses, net of tax, (iv) the non-monetary impact of changes in puts and other financial income
and expenses, and (v) deferred tax liabilities related to goodwill for which amortisation is deductible in some
countries.

Income statement items

Gross margin stood at 67.8% versus 68.7% in 2024. A major part of this decline is explained by the integration of infas and The BVA Family, whose gross margin rates are lower than the Group average. At constant scope and exchange rates, the gross margin decreased by 30 basis points, reflecting a temporary increase in data collection costs in certain activities, as well as the strengthening of quality control procedures on our panels.

The payroll increased by 2.4%, due to the impact of acquisitions. On a like-for-like and constant currency basis, it remained stable, reflecting our adaptation of the cost structure to evolving business activity. At 31 December, the ratio of staff costs to gross margin stood at 64.8%.

Overhead costs increased by approximately €20 million, reflecting additional expenses related to acquisitions. On a like-for-like basis, the rise in IT and technology spending, in line with our investment strategy, is offset by savings from rent renegotiations and enhanced discipline on discretionary spending. The ratio of overheads to gross margin stood at 14.9%.

The other operating income and expenses showed a negative balance of €17 million, primarily related to termination costs. It also includes operational foreign exchange losses resulting from the depreciation of the dollar and other currencies against the euro.

For 2025, the operating margin stood at 12.3% and 12.8% excluding the temporarily dilutive effect related to The BVA Family and infas acquisitions.

Other non-current income and expenses were impacted by approximately €13 million due to the write-down of Russian net assets. The balance of this item mainly comprises €6.7 million in reorganization costs following acquisitions and management changes, as well as €6.0 million in acquisition-related costs

Finance costs stood at €12.5 million, up €3.4 million over the period. This change is mainly explained by higher average debt during the year, following acquisitions completed in 2025. It also includes the financing cost of the €400 million bond issue completed in January 2025, carrying a 3.75% coupon and a five-year maturity.

Other financial income and expenses showed a charge of €11.1 million, mainly resulting from non-operational foreign exchange losses, related to the depreciation of the dollar, as well as finance charges associated with the application of IFRS 16.

The effective tax rate is stable at 26.0%.

Net profit attributable to owners of the parent stood at €187 million and adjusted net profit attributable to owners of the parent at €240 million compared to €244 million the previous year.

Financial structure

Cash flow from operations stood at €411 million, compared to €430 million in 2024. This decline is mainly explained by the decrease in net profit.

The change in working capital showed a negative variation of €30 million. This was driven, on the one hand, by a 3.2% increase in activity in the fourth quarter and, on the other hand, by a decrease in the 2025 variable compensation provision, the cash outflow of which will occur in the first half of 2026.

Investments in property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, mainly comprising investments in IT and technology infrastructure, amounted to €83 million in 2025. They increased by 18%, consistent with the Group's accelerated investments in platforms and technologies.

In total, free cash flow from operations stood at €181 million. This level is close to the average operating free cash flow generated over the past three years, which stood at €200 million.

Regarding non-current investments, Ipsos accelerated its acquisition policy in 2025, with an invested amount of €179 million, mainly for The BVA Family and infas acquisitions.

Finally, financing activities mainly include (i) a rated bond issue of 400 million euros in January 2025 (ii) the repayment in June of the previous bond for 300 million euros.

Equity stands at €1,568 million at 31 December 2025 versus €1,578 million at 31 December 2024.

Net financial debt amounts to €219 million, versus €57 million at 31 December 2024, due to acquisitions. The leverage ratio (calculated excluding IFRS 16 impact) is sound and stands at 0.5 times EBITDA.

Cash position. Cash at December 31, 2025, amounts to €318 million.

With the issuance of the €400 million bond, Ipsos has no significant debt maturities before 2030.

OUTLOOK

The 2025 financial year took place in an uncertain macroeconomic and political environment, weighing on our Public Affairs business. While the operating margin once again proved resilient, organic growth, which remained insufficient, underlines the need for rapid deployment of the Horizons plan, Ipsos' growth strategy presented at the Investor Day on January 22.

The ambition is clear: to make Ipsos the global market research leader providing and turning data into Impactful Insights, powered by AI. This ambition relies on two growth drivers: on the one hand, reinventing our services by leveraging AI to transform ways of working and delivering faster; on the other hand, enriching our portfolio by maximizing the adoption of high-potential services and exploring new growth opportunities.

To achieve this, Ipsos has on solid assets: its position as an independent global leader; diversified offerings; access to real respondents; long-term relationships with clients whose satisfaction level is very high; strong employee engagement; and finally, a robust financial structure enabling it to deploy its strategy.

From the start of 2026, Ipsos is actively deploying the priorities of its strategic roadmap:

  • The Group is notably accelerating the development of Globally Managed Services (GMS), whose penetration remains limited in many countries, and which offer strong growth potential. A first wave of six GMS has been identified as a priority in 2026 organized into three categories: Innovation, Creative Excellence and Behavioural Measurement. This acceleration is supported by targeted investments as well as the establishment of a dedicated organization, led at the global level.
  • At the same time, Ipsos.Digital, which already supports part of the GMS, represents an additional growth driver and will further enhance its offering with new services starting in 2026.
  • Ipsos has also reorganized its management team to align it with the priorities of its strategic plan, particularly regarding offerings, as well as technology and artificial intelligence.
  • Lastly, commercial initiatives have been launched, notably, accountability has been strengthened at various management levels in the oversight and development of key accounts, with the objective of improving commercial execution and supporting growth.

The year 2026 marks the first step in restoring the Group’s growth momentum, targeting average organic growth of 3% to 4% over the 2026-2028 period. This trajectory is based on the rapid deployment of strategic priorities. The initiatives launched in 2026 will progressively gain momentum. For 2026, Ipsos anticipates organic growth between
2 and 3%, with an operating margin equivalent to that of 2025. Capital allocation priorities remain unchanged, with the pursuit of a targeted acquisition strategy and increased investment in technology.

In view of the Group’s strong financial position and in line with the capital allocation policy presented at the Investor Day, the Board of Directors will propose to the General Meeting of 20 May 2026, the payment of a dividend of €2.00 per share, up more than 8%, corresponding to a payout ratio of 36% of adjusted diluted net earnings per share, which will be detached on July 1, 2026.

Furthermore, the Board of Directors has today approved a share buyback program for cancellation purposes, for an amount of approximately €100 million in 2026, which will be proceed promptly. The implementation of this plan will be announced in a separate press release.

***

Presentation of 2025 Full-Year Results
The 2025 full-year results will be presented on Wednesday, 25 February 2025 at 8:30 a.m. CET via webcast.
If you would like to register, please contact
IpsosCommunications@Ipsos.com.

A replay will also be made available on Ipsos.com

Appendices

  • Consolidated income statement
  • Statement of financial position
  • Consolidated cash flow statement
  • Statement of changes in consolidated equity

The complete consolidated financial statements as at 31 December 2025 are available
on Ipsos.com

 

ABOUT IPSOS

 

Ipsos is one of the largest market research companies in the world, present in 90 markets and employing nearly 20,000 people.

 

Our passionately curious research professionals, analysts and scientists have built unique multispecialist capabilities that provide true understanding and powerful insights into the actions, opinions and motivations of citizens, consumers, patients, customers or employees. Our 75 solutions are based on primary data from our surveys, social media monitoring, and qualitative or observational techniques.

 

“Game Changers” – our tagline – summarises our ambition to help our 5,000 clients navigate with confidence our world of rapid change.

 

Founded in France in 1975, Ipsos has been listed on the Euronext Paris since 1 July 1999. The company is part of the SBF 120, Mid-60 indices and is eligible for the Deferred Settlement Service (SRD).

 

ISIN code FR0000073298, Reuters ISOS.PA, Bloomberg IPS:FP
www.ipsos.com

 

35 rue du Val de Marne
75 628 Paris, Cedex 13 France
Tel. +33 1 41 98 90 00

 

Consolidated income statement
Annual financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025

In € thousands31/12/202531/12/2024
Revenue2,524,7142,440,780
Direct costs(813,723)(763,104)
Gross margin1,710,9921,677,676
Staff costs (excluding share-based payments)(1,108,056)(1,082,039)
Staff costs (share-based payments) *(21,592)(20,706)
General operating expenses (255,071)(235,236)
Other operating income and expenses(16,972)(20,178)
Operating margin309,300319,517
Amortisation of acquisition-related intangible assets*(6,565)(6,318)
Other non-current income and expenses*(24,107)(16,225)
Share of profit or loss of associates(385)(2,187)
Operating profit278,243294,787
Finance costs(12,451)(9,076)
Other financial income and expenses(11,147)(2,406)
Net profit before tax254,647283,305
Income tax (excluding deferred tax related to goodwill amortisation)(64,534)(72,716)
Deferred tax related to goodwill amortisation*(1,725)(997)
Income tax(66,259)(73,713)
Net profit188,386209,592
Attributable to owners of the parent186,551204,525
Attributable to non-controlling interests1,8355,067
Basic net profit per share attributable to owners of the parent (in euros)4.334.75
Diluted net profit per share attributable to owners of the parent (in euros)4.274.66
   
   
Adjusted net profit*242,026250,209
Attributable to owners of the parent240,381244,063
Attributable to non-controlling interests1,6456,148
Adjusted net profit per share attributable to owners of the parent        5.58                5.67        
Adjusted diluted net profit per share attributable to owners of the parent        5.50                5.56        

Statement of financial position
Annual financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025

In € thousands 31/12/202531/12/2024
ASSETS --
Goodwill 1,510,1261,406,990
Right-of-use assets 128,996102,036
Other intangible assets 188,713163,251
Property, plant and equipment 27,86528,819
Investment in associates 2,9823,507
Other non-current financial assets 49,61256,470
Deferred tax assets 38,30626,835
Non-current assets 1,946,6001,787,909
Trade and other receivables 589,625591,890
Contract assets 117,218110,998
Current tax 17,1969,038
Other current assets 89,78571,668
Financial derivatives --
Cash and cash equivalents 317,561342,549
Current assets 1,131,3841,126,143
Including assets held for sale and discontinued operations 4,636-
TOTAL ASSETS 3,077,9842,914,051
In € thousands 31/12/202512/31/2024
LIABILITIES   
Share capital 10,80110,801
Share premium 446,174446,174
Own shares (461)(7,532)
Translation differences (248,524)(125,010)
Other reserves 1,172,8911,048,563
Net profit attributable to owners of the parent 186,551204,525
Equity attributable to owners of the parent 1,567,4321,577,522
Non-controlling interests 253243
Equity 1,567,6841,577,765
Borrowings and other non-current financial liabilities 507,78976,975
Non-current lease liabilities 105,32980,639
Non-current provisions 7,4013,975
Provisions for post-employment benefits 47,04540,395
Deferred tax liabilities 79,30174,735
Other non-current liabilities 31,68556,443
Non-current liabilities 778,549333,160
Trade and other payables 369,494335,211
Borrowings and other current financial liabilities 29,009322,735
Current lease liabilities 33,73431,959
Current tax 18,37741,836
Current provisions 4,7306,402
Contract liabilities 58,51754,250
Other current liabilities 217,883210,736
Current liabilities 731,7441,003,128
Including liabilities held for sale and discontinued operations 13,130-
TOTAL LIABILITIES 3,077,9842,914,051

Consolidated cash flow statement
Annual financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025

In € thousands31/12/202531/12/2024
OPERATING ACTIVITIES        -                -        
NET PROFIT        188,386                209,592        
 

Non-cash items
        -                -        
Depreciation and amortisation of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets        101,273                91,190        
Net profit of equity-accounted companies, net of dividends received        385                2,187        
Loss/(gain) on asset disposals        (2,325)        (3,039)
Net change in provisions        13,148                20,792        
Share-based payment expense        19,689                18,447        
Other non-cash income and expenses        527                (356)
Acquisition costs of consolidated companies        6,015                5,379        
Finance costs        17,345                12,544        
Tax charge        66,259                73,713        
CASH FLOW FROM OPERATIONS BEFORE TAX AND FINANCE COSTS        410,701                430,449        
Change in working capital requirement        (29,800)        (17,920)
Income tax paid        (78,866)        (74,129)
CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES        302,035                338,400        
INVESTING ACTIVITIES        -                -        
Acquisitions of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets        (83,088)        (70,337)
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets        3,769                83        
(Increase)/decrease in financial assets        (6)        1,229        
Acquisitions of consolidated companies and activities, net of cash acquired        (154,093)        (34,616)
CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES        (233,417)        (103,641)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES        -                -        
Share capital increases/(reductions)        -                -        
Net (purchases)/sales of own shares        (14,223)        (39,048)
Increase in long-term borrowings        901,997                359,000        
Decrease in long-term borrowings        (801,525)        (359,035)
(Increase)/Decrease in long-term loans to associates        (2,750)        -        
Increase/(decrease) in bank overdrafts        -                -        
Net repayment of lease liabilities        (36,832)        (39,410)
Net interest paid        (1,960)        (9,598)
Net interest paid on lease obligations        (3,803)        (3,529)
Acquisitions of non-controlling interests        (24,530)        (3,909)
Dividends paid to shareholders of the parent company        (79,835)        (71,241)
Dividends paid to non-controlling shareholders of consolidated companies         -                (217)
Dividends received from non-consolidated companies        -                -        
CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES         (63,461)        (166,964)
NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS        5,157                67,794        
 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
        (18,641)        3,211        
Depreciation of the Russian cash         (11,418)        (6,368)
OPENING CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS        342,410                277,911        
CLOSING CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS        317,508                342,549        
   

Statement of changes in consolidated equity
Annual financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025

         
      Equity 
In € thousandsShare capitalShare premiumTreasury sharesOther reservesTranslation differencesAttributable to shareholders of the companyNon-controlling interestsTotal
Position at 1 January 2024        10,801                446,174                (965)        1,124,650                (164,363)        1,416,297                16,353                1,432,650        
Change in share capital        -                -                -                -                -                -                -                -        
Dividends paid        -                -                -                (71,249)        -                (71,249)        (217)        (71,466)
Effects of acquisitions and commitments to purchase non-controlling interests        -                -                -                17,083                -                17,083                (20,000)        (2,917)
Delivery of own shares under the free share allocation plan        -                -                32,224                (32,224)        -                -                -                -        
Other movements in own shares        -                -                (38,793)        -                -                (38,793)        -                (38,793)
Share-based payments recognised directly in equity        -                -                -                18,385                -                18,385                -                18,385        
Other movements

 
        -                -                -                (2,795)        -                (2,795)        74                (2,721)
Transactions with shareholders        -                -                (6,568)        (70,800)        -                (77,369)        (20,143)        (97,512)
Profit for the year        -                -                -                204,525                -                204,525                5,067                209,592        
Other comprehensive income        -                -                -                -                -                -                -                -        
Fair value revaluation of investments        -                -                -                (5,715)        -                (5,715)        -                (5,715)
Net investments in foreign operations and related hedges

 
        -                -                -                -                28,048                28,048                (185)        27,863        
Deferred tax on net investments in foreign operations        -                -                -                -                (6,887)        (6,887)        -                (6,887)
 

Change in translation differences
        -                -                -                -                18,192                18,192                (849)        17,344        
Change in the fair value of financial assets through other comprehensive income        -                -                -                -                -                -                -                -        
Actuarial gains and losses        -                -                -                560                -                560                -                560        
Deferred tax on actuarial gains and losses        -                -                -                (130)        -                (130)        -                (130)
Total other comprehensive income        -                -                -                (5,285)        39,354                34,068                (1,034)        33,035        
Comprehensive income        -                -                -                199,240                39,354                238,593                4,033                242,626        
Position at 31 December 2024        10,801                446,174                (7,532)        1,253,089                (125,010)        1,577,522                243                1,577,765        
 

 

 

 
        
         
            
 

 

 
           
            
         
      Equity 
In € thousandsShare capitalShare premiumTreasury sharesOther reservesTranslation differencesAttributable to shareholders of the companyNon-controlling interestsTotal
Position at 1 January 2025        10,801                446,174                (7,532)1253 089        (125,010)1577 522        243        1577 765
Change in share capital        -                -                -                -                -                -                -                -        
Dividends paid        -                -                -                (79,835)        -                (79,835)        -                (79,835)
Effects of acquisitions and commitments to purchase non-controlling interests        -                -                -                211                -                211                (1,173)( 962)
Delivery of own shares under the free share allocation plan        -                -                21,009                (21,009)        -                -                -                -        
Other movements in own shares        -                -                (13,937)        -                -                (13,937)        -                (13,937)
Share-based payments recognized directly in equity        -                -                -                19,689                -                19,689                -                19,689        
Other movements        -                -                -                (1,104)        -                (1,104)        66                (1,038)
Transactions with shareholders        -                -                7,071                (82,048)        -                (74,977)        (1,107)        (76,084)
Profit for the year        -                -                -                186,551                -                186,551                1,835                188,386        
Other comprehensive income        -                -                -                -                -                -                -                -        
Fair value revaluation of investments        -                -                -                92                -                92                -                92        
Net investments in foreign operations and related hedges

 
        -                -                -                -                (44,595)        (44,595)( 101)        (44,695)
Deferred tax on net investments in foreign operations        -                -                -                -                11,299                11,299                -                11,299        
 

Change in translation differences
        -                -                -                -                (90,220)        (90,220)( 616)        (90,836)
Change in the fair value of financial assets through other comprehensive income        -                -                -                -                -                -                -                -        
Actuarial gains and losses        -                -                -                1,331                -                1,331                -                1,331        
Deferred tax on actuarial gains and losses        -                -                -                428                -                428                -                428        
Total other comprehensive income        -                -                -                1,851                (123,515)        (121,664)( 717)        (122,381)
Comprehensive income        -                -                -                188,402                (123,515)        64,887                1,118                66,005        
Position at 31 December 2025        10,801                446,174        ( 461)1359 442        (248,524)1567 432        253        1567 684

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